PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.